Taoism in Korea, Past and Present

Baker, Donald

doi:10.25050/jdaos.2003.16.0.14

J. Daesoon Acad. Sci. 2003; 16:241-263

pISSN: 1598-3439

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25050/jdaos.2003.16.0.14

Article

Taoism in Korea, Past and Present

Donald Baker ¹ ^, ^†

Author Information & Copyright ▼

¹Canada ㆍ University of British Columbia

^†Corresponding Author : Donald Baker

ⓒ Copyright 2003, The Daesoon Academy of Sciences. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Published Online: Dec 30, 2003

요약

조선 시대 중기에 한국은 도교의 내단에 흥미가 고조되는 것을 체험했고, 16~17세기 중에 많은 유교 학자들이 받아들인 호흡법과 심신 수련은 이미 초기 중국에서 고안된 심신 수련자의 신체에서 나오는 기의 순환과 양ㆍ질을 강화하는 것이었다. 그러나 18~19세기의 한국인들은 이러한 양생법에 대해서 흥미를 잃게 되지만, 20세기의 지난 반세기 동안에 내단을 이채롭게 다시 부흥시킨 것이다. 여러 가지 새로운 조직체들이 단전호흡과 도인체조를 서울과 다른 도시에서 증진 시키고 있다. 국선도가 1970년에 처음으로 시행되었고 이것은 1984년 새로운 내단으로 되기까지 대중들의 호응을 받지 못했다. 그러나 이러한 심신수련이 새 조직인 단(丹)세계에 의해서 멀리 번창되어 나갔으며 이 조직의 지도자인 이승훈에 의해서 흥미롭게 다시 소생되었다. 단 세계는 한국에서 무려 360개가 넘는 선원이 있으며 수련자들에 의해서 유럽과 북미에서도 선원이 시작되었다. 이것은 근본적으로 중국의 도교 보다는 고조선 시대 단군에 의해서 고안된 것이라고 말한다. 단 세계는 도교적 양생법 수련보다 한국의 전통적인 것에 대한 자부심을 가지고 장려되고 있다.

<참고문헌>

Chang Po-tuan, trans. Thomas Cleary, Understanding Reality, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

Chŏng Chaesŏ, Ha’guk togyo ŭi kiwŏnnon-e taehan kŏmto [An examination of the debate over the origins of Korean Taoism], Han’guk Chonggyo yŏn’gu, vol 3, 2001.

Chŏng Nyŏm, translated by Kim Chongŭn, “Yonghogyŏl,”　 in Han Muae, Haedong chŏndorok (Record of Tansmission of the Tao to Korea), and Cho Yŏjŏk, Ch‘ŏnghakjip (Collected anecdotes of Master Blue Crane), Seoul: Posŏng munhwasa, 1992.

Ch’ŏngsan sŏnsa (Ko Kyŏngmyŏng), Salm ŭi kil [the Road to Life], Seoul: Kuksŏndo Press, 1992.

Han munhwa wŏn editorial committee, Tanhak suryŏn ch‘ehŏmgi [Accounts of experience with Tanhak training], Seoul: Han munhwa Press, 1992.

Han munhwa wŏn editorial committee, Ch’ŏnjiin [Heaven Earth, and Humanity], Seoul: Han munhwa Press, 1986.

Hwang chŏng kyŏng, Ch’oe Changnok, trans., Seoul: Tonghwa munhwasa, 1991.

Ilyŏn, Samguk yusa [Memoribilia of the Three Kingdoms], Seoul: Minjung sŏgwan, 1973.

Kang Chinok, Mago halmi sŏlhwa-e nat’anan yŏsŏngsin kwannyŏm [The concept of a Goddess as seen in the myth of Grandma Mago], Han’guk minsokhak, vo 25, 1992.

10.

Kaehyŏl yŏhaeng: 365 hyŏl kaehyŏl suryŏm annae [A Kaehyŏl journey: a guide to learning how to open your 365 portals], Seoul: Han munhwa Press, 1993.

11.

Kim Chŏngbin, Tan, Seoul: Chŏngsin segyesa, 1984.

12.

Kim Hyŏnch’ang, Han’guk sŏndo ŭi tomaek kwa togyo [Taoism and the chain of transmission of Korea’s Way of Mountain Immortals], in Kŭksŏndo kyosuhoe, ed. Tongyang Simsin suryŏnbŏp ŭi pigyo [Comparing the techniques for cultivating mind and body in East Asia], Seoul: Taehaksa, 2003.

13.

Kim Mugyŏng, Tanhak sŏnwŏn: Sinhwa ŭi huegwi wa k’alisŭma ŭi ilsandhwa [The Tanhak immortality centers; The return of myth and the standarization of charisma], Han’guk Chonggyo yŏn’gu, vol 2, 2000.

14.

Kim Nakp‘il, Chosŏn hugi mingan togyo ŭi yulli sasang [morality in the folk Taoism of the latter half of the Chosŏn dynasty, Chosŏn togyo sasang yŏn’guhoe, ed. Han　guk togyo ŭi hyŏndaejŏk chomyŏng [Korean Taoism in the light of the present day], Seoul: Asea munhwasa, 1992.

15.

Kim Pusik, Samguk sagi [History of the Three Kingdoms], Seoul: Kwangjo Press, 1976.

16.

Kim Sisŭp, see Yi Nŭnghwa, Yi Chongŭn, trans. Chosŏn Togyosa [The History of Korean Taoism], Seoul: Posŏng Munhwasa, 1977.

17.

Kwŏn Taehun, Minjok pijŏn chŏngsin suryŏnbŏp [Our people’s secret tradition of mind cultivation], Seoul: Chŏngsin segyesa, 1992.

18.

Kwŏn Taehun, as told to Chŏng Chaesŭng, Ch’ŏnbugyŏgyŏng ŭi pimil kwa Paektusan-jok munhwa [The secrets of the Ch’ŏnbugyŏgyŏng and the culture of the people of Paektusan], Seoul: Chŏngsin segyesa, 1989.

19.

Lee, Seung-heun (Yi Sŭnghŏn), Brain Respiration, Seoul: Han munhwa Press, 1998.

20.

Lee, Seung-heun (Yi Sŭnghŏn), Healing Society, Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing Co, 2000.

21.

Pak Jesang. Kim Ŭnsu, trans. Pudoji [A record of the Heavenly Kingdom], Seoul: Hanmunhwa Press, 2002.

22.

Robinet, Isabelle Taoist Meditation: The Mao-Shan Tradition of Great Purity, trans. Julian Pas and Norman Girardot, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1993.

23.

Taejong-kyo yogam [Scriptures of Taejong-kyo], Seoul: Taejong-kyo Publishing House, 1992.

24.

Yi Chinsu, Chosŏn yangsaeng sasang ŭi sŏngnip-e kwanhan koch‘al: toinŭl chungsimŭro, I [An examination of the establishment of the rise of the longevity school in Korea, with emphasis on physical exercises, Part 1], Chosŏn togyo sasang yŏn’guhoe, ed. Togyo wa Han‘guk munhwa [Taoism and Korean culture], Seoul: Asea munhwasa, 1988.

25.

Yi Chongŭn, Sokyŏksŏ kwan‘gye yŏksa charyo kŏmt’o [An investigation of the documentary record on the Sokyŏksŏ], Chosŏn togyo sasang yŏn’guhoe, ed. Togyo wa Han’guk munhwa [Taoism and Korean culture], Seoul: Asea munhwasa, 1988.

26.

Yi Sŭnghŏn, Tanhak: kŭ iron kwa suryŏnbŏp [Tanhak: Theory and Practice] Seoul: Han munhwa Press, 1993.

27.

Yu Pyŏngdŏk, Kŭn.hyŏndae Han’guk chonggyo sasang yŏn’gu [A study of modern and contemporary religious thought in Korea], Seoul: Madang kihoek, 2000.

28.

http://www.dahnworld.com

29.

http://www.hanmunhwa.com/

30.

http://www.healingsociety.org/

31.

http://www.ilchi.net

32.

http://www.peace.ac.kr/

33.

http://www.sedonaretreat.org.

34.

http://www.weha.or.kr/

35.

http://www.kouksundo.net/

36.

http://dahn.org.